John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams
Glass collodion negative copy c. 1860 of a daguerreotype of John Quincy Adams in 1847 or 1848, attributed to Mathew Brady (retouched)
6th President of the United States
In office March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
Vice President	John C. Calhoun
Preceded by	James Monroe
Succeeded by	Andrew Jackson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 8th district
In office March 4, 1843 – February 23, 1848
Preceded by	William B. Calhoun
Succeeded by	Horace Mann
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 12th district
In office March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1843
Preceded by	James L. Hodges
Succeeded by	George D. Robinson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 11th district
In office March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833
Preceded by	Joseph Richardson
Succeeded by	John Reed Jr.
8th United States Secretary of State
In office September 22, 1817 – March 4, 1825
President	James Monroe
Preceded by	James Monroe
Succeeded by	Henry Clay
United States Envoy to the United Kingdom
In office June 8, 1815 – May 14, 1817
President	James Madison James Monroe
Preceded by	Jonathan Russell (1812; Acting Minister)
Succeeded by	Richard Rush
United States Minister to Russia
In office November 5, 1809 – April 28, 1814
President	James Madison
Preceded by	William Short
Succeeded by	James A. Bayard
United States Senator from Massachusetts
In office March 4, 1803 – June 8, 1808
Preceded by	Jonathan Mason
Succeeded by	James Lloyd
United States Minister to Prussia
In office December 5, 1797 – May 5, 1801
President	John Adams Thomas Jefferson
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Henry Wheaton (1835)
United States Minister to the Netherlands
In office November 6, 1794 – June 20, 1797
President	George Washington
Preceded by	William Short
Succeeded by	William Vans Murray
Personal details
Born	(1767-07-11)July 11, 1767 Braintree, Massachusetts Bay, (now Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.)
Died	February 23, 1848(1848-02-23) (aged 80) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	United First Parish Church
Political party	Federalist (1792–1808) Democratic-Republican (1808–1830) National Republican (1830–1833) Anti-Masonic (1833–1838) Whig (1838–1848)
Spouse(s)	Louisa Johnson (1797–1848)
Children	4, including George, John, Charles
Alma mater	Harvard University
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John Quincy Adams (ⁱ/ˈkwɪnzi/; July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman who served as the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He also served as a diplomat, a Senator and member of the House of Representatives. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties. Adams was the son of President John Adams and Abigail Adams.

Adams is best known as a diplomat who shaped U.S. foreign policy in line with his ardently nationalist commitment to U.S. republican values. More recently, he has been portrayed as the exemplar and moral leader in an era of modernization. During Adams' lifetime, technological innovations and new means of communication spread messages of religious revival, social reform, and party politics. Goods, money, and people traveled more rapidly and efficiently than ever before.

As a diplomat, Adams played an important role in negotiating key treaties, most notably the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812. As Secretary of State, he negotiated with Britain over the United States' northern border with Canada, negotiated with Spain the annexation of Florida, and drafted the Monroe Doctrine. Historians agree that he was one of the greatest diplomats and secretaries of state in American history. In his biography, Samuel Flagg Bemis argues that Adams was able to "gather together, formulate, and practice the fundamentals of American foreign-policy – self-determination, independence, noncolonization, nonintervention, nonentanglement in European politics, Freedom of the Seas, [and] freedom of commerce."