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James A. Garfield

James A. Garfield
Garfield wears a double breasted suit and has a full beard and receding hairline
Brady-Handy photograph of Garfield, taken between 1870 and 1880
20th President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
Vice President Chester A. Arthur
Preceded by Rutherford B. Hayes
Succeeded by Chester A. Arthur
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 19th district
In office
March 4, 1863 – November 8, 1880
Preceded by Albert G. Riddle
Succeeded by Ezra B. Taylor
Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations
In office
March 4, 1871 – March 4, 1875
Preceded by Henry L. Dawes
Succeeded by Samuel J. Randall
Chairman of the House Committee on Financial Services
In office
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1871
Preceded by Theodore M. Pomeroy
Succeeded by Samuel Hooper
Chairman of the House Committee on Military Affairs
In office
March 4, 1867 – March 4, 1869
Preceded by Robert C. Schenck
Succeeded by John A. Logan
Personal details
Born James Abram Garfield
(1831-11-19)November 19, 1831
Moreland Hills, Ohio, U.S.
Died September 19, 1881(1881-09-19) (aged 49)
Elberon, New Jersey, U.S.
Cause of death Assassination
Resting place James A. Garfield Memorial, Cleveland, Ohio
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Lucretia Rudolph (m. 1858)
Children 7, including Eliza Arabella ("Trot"), Harry Augustus ("Hal"), James Rudolph, and Abram
Education
Profession
Religion Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Signature Cursive signature in ink
Military service
Allegiance  United States of America
Service/branch  United States Army
Union Army
Years of service 1861–1863
Rank Union Army major general rank insignia.svg Major general
Commands 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry
20th Brigade, 6th Division, Army of the Ohio
Battles/wars

American Civil War

The Garfield Cabinet
Office Name Term
President James A. Garfield 1881
Vice President Chester A. Arthur 1881
Secretary of State James G. Blaine 1881
Secretary of Treasury William Windom 1881
Secretary of War Robert Todd Lincoln 1881
Attorney General Wayne MacVeagh 1881
Postmaster General Thomas L. James 1881
Secretary of the Navy William H. Hunt 1881
Secretary of the Interior Samuel J. Kirkwood 1881

American Civil War

James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his assassination later that year. Garfield had served nine terms in the House of Representatives, and had been elected to the Senate before his candidacy for the White House, though he declined the Senate seat once he was elected President. He is the only sitting House member to be elected president.

Garfield was raised in humble circumstances on an Ohio farm by his widowed mother. He worked at various jobs, including on a canal boat, in his youth. Beginning at age 17, he attended several Ohio schools, then studied at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1856. A year later, Garfield entered politics as a Republican. He married Lucretia Rudolph in 1858, and served as a member of the Ohio State Senate (1859–1861). Garfield opposed Confederate secession, served as a major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and fought in the battles of Middle Creek, Shiloh, and Chickamauga. He was first elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th District. Throughout Garfield's extended congressional service after the Civil War, he firmly supported the gold standard and gained a reputation as a skilled orator. Garfield initially agreed with Radical Republican views regarding Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach for civil rights enforcement for freedmen.


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