Individual Olympic Athletes

Independent Olympians at the Olympics
IOC code	IOP, IOA
Summer appearances
Independent Olympic Participants (1992) Individual Olympic Athletes (2000) Independent Olympic Athletes (2012) Independent Olympic Athletes (2016)
Winter appearances
Independent Olympic Participants (2014)

Athletes have competed as Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games for various reasons, including political transition, international sanctions, suspensions of National Olympic Committees and compassion. Independent athletes have come from the Republic of Macedonia, East Timor, South Sudan and Curaçao following geopolitical changes in the years before the Olympics, from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (present-day Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia) as a result of international sanctions and from India and Kuwait as a result of suspension of its National Olympic Committee. Medals were won by Independent Olympians at the 1992 and 2016 Olympics, both times in shooting.

The naming and country code conventions for these independent Olympians have not been consistent.

Prior to the 1906 Intercalated Games, entry was not restricted to teams nominated by National Olympic Committees (NOCs). Mixed-nationality teams competed in some team events. Participants in individual events are retrospectively credited to their nationality of the time.

The 1940 Winter Olympics was reassigned to Garmisch-Partenkirchen in spring 1939. In concert with Nazi German claims on Czechoslovakia, the organisers refused to recognise the Czechoslovakia NOC; however they were prepared to allow its athletes to enter under the Olympic flag. In any event, the Games were cancelled because of World War II.

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