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Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid
Ball-and-stick model of hydrogen chloride
Ball-and-stick model of water
Ball-and-stick model of the chloride anion
Ball-and-stick model of the hydronium cation
Hydrochloric acid 30 percent.jpg
Names
Other names
  • Muriatic acid
  • Spirits of salt
    Hydronium chloride
    Chlorhydric Acid
Identifiers
7647-01-0 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1231821 N
ChemSpider 307 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.210.665
EC Number 231-595-7
E number E507 (acidity regulators, ...)
UNII QTT17582CB YesY
Properties
Appearance Colorless, transparent liquid
Acidity (pKa) -6.3
Pharmacology
A09AB03 (WHO) B05XA13 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
R-phrases R34, R37
S-phrases (S1/2), S26, S45
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazard COR: Corrosive; strong acid or base. E.g., sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxideNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Related compounds
Related compounds
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Hydrochloric acid is a corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. A colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, when it reacts with an organic base it forms a hydrochloride salt.

Hydrochloric acid was historically called acidum salis, muriatic acid, and spirits of salt because it was produced from rock salt and green vitriol (by Basilius Valentinus in the 15th century) and later from the chemically similar common salt and sulfuric acid (by Johann Rudolph Glauber in the 17th century). Free hydrochloric acid was first formally described in the 16th century by Libavius. Later, it was used by chemists such as Glauber, Priestley, and Davy in their scientific research.

With major production starting in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of vinyl chloride for PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane. It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced worldwide annually. It is also found naturally in gastric acid.


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Wikipedia

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