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Human brain

Human brain
Skull and brain normal human.svg
Human brain and skull
Cerebral lobes.png
Cerebral lobes: the frontal lobe (pink), parietal lobe (green) and occipital lobe (blue)
Details
Precursor Neural tube
System Central nervous system
Neuroimmune system
Artery Internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries
Vein Internal jugular vein, internal cerebral veins, external veins: (superior and inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral veins), basal vein, terminal vein, choroid vein, cerebellar veins
Identifiers
Latin Cerebrum
Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos)
MeSH D001921
TA A14.1.03.001
FMA 50801
Anatomical terminology
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The human brain is the centre of the human central nervous system, located within the head. The larger structures of the brain are the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum. Other features include the subcortical areas of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus, and their related structures; the pituitary and pineal glands, the limbic structures including the amygdala and hippocampus; the various nuclei of the basal ganglia, and the three circumventricular organs. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought.

The human cerebral cortex is a layer of neural tissue that covers the two cerebral hemispheres that make up most of the brain. The cortex consists of the neocortex and the allocortex. The neocortex is the main part and is made up of six neuronal layers, and the allocortex has three or four such layers. The cortex is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface area that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals but shows many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.


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Wikipedia

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