France competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. French athletes had appeared in every Summer Olympic Games of the modern era, alongside Australia, Great Britain, and Greece. The French Olympic Committee sent its largest ever delegation in Olympic history outside the host nation, with a total of 395 athletes, 228 men and 167 women, competing in all sports, except field hockey.

* – Indicates the athlete competed in preliminaries but not the final

The following competitors won several medals at the 2016 Olympic Games.

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games. Note that reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not counted as athletes:

Three French archers qualified for the men's events by virtue of the nation's podium finish in the team recurve competition at the 2016 Archery World Cup meet in Antalya, Turkey.

French athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event):

On April 25, 2016, marathon runner Christelle Daunay and race walkers Yohann Diniz and Kévin Campion became the first French athletes to be selected to the Olympic team. Decathlete Kévin Mayer and women's 20 km racewalker Émilie Menuet were named as part of the second batch of nominated athletes to the Olympic roster on June 7, 2016.

A total of 22 athletes (11 per gender) were added to the track and field team for the Games, based on their performances achieved at the French Championships & Olympic Trials (June 24 to 26) in Angers, with Mélina Robert-Michon throwing the discus at her fifth straight Games, Kafétien Gomis returning for his second Olympics in the long jump after a 12-year absence, and pole vaulter Renaud Lavillenie aiming to defend his Olympic pole vault title. Other athletes also featured Christophe Lemaitre, middle-distance runner Pierre-Ambroise Bosse, steeplechaser and double Olympic silver medalist Mahiedine Mekhissi-Benabbad, and 2015 Worlds bronze medalist Alexandra Tavernier (women's hammer throw). Twenty-seven more athletes rounded out the French roster at the end of the qualifying period, extending its size to a total of 54.

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