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Fludarabine

Fludarabine
Fludarabine phosphate.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Fludara, others
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a692003
Pregnancy
category
  • D
Routes of
administration
intravenous, by mouth
ATC code L01BB05 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 55%
Protein binding 19 to 29%
Biological half-life 20 hours
Excretion kidney
Identifiers
CAS Number 21679-14-1 N
PubChem (CID) 657237
IUPHAR/BPS 4802
DrugBank DB01073 YesY
ChemSpider 571392 YesY
UNII 1X9VK9O1SC N
KEGG D01907 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:63599 N
ChEMBL CHEMBL1568 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.123.703
Chemical and physical data
Formula C10H13FN5O7P
Molar mass 365.212 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
 NYesY (what is this?)  

Fludarabine, sold under the brand name Fludara among others, is a chemotherapy medication used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. This include chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. It is given by injection into a vein or by mouth.

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, fever, rash, shortness of breath, numbness, vision changes, and feeling tired. Severe side effects include brain dysfunction, low blood cell counts, and lung inflammation. Use in pregnancy will likely result in harm to the baby. Fludarabine is in the purine analog family of medications and works by interfering with the duplication of DNA.

Fludarabine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 54.00 USD per 50 mg vial. In the United Kingdom it costs about 155.00 pounds per 50 mg vial.

Fludarabine is highly effective in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, producing higher response rates than alkylating agents such as chlorambucil alone. Fludarabine is used in various combinations with cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone and rituximab in the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkins lymphomas. As part of the FLAG regimen, fludarabine is used together with cytarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. Because of its immunosuppressive effects, fludarabine is also used in some conditioning regimens prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant.


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