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Federation of Malaya

Federation of Malaya
Persekutuan Tanah Melayu
ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو
1948–1963
Flag (1950–1963) Coat of arms
Capital Kuala Lumpur
Languages Malay
English
Government Constitutional monarchy
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
 •  1957–1960 Tuanku Abdul Rahman
 •  1960 Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah
 •  1960–1963 Tuanku Syed Putra
Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman
History
 •  Established 1 February 1948
 •  Independence 31 August 1957
 •  Malaysia Agreement 16 September 1963
Area
 •  1963 132,364 km² (51,106 sq mi)
Currency Malaya / British Borneo dollar
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Malayan Union
Crown Colony of Malacca
Crown Colony of Penang
Malaysia
Today part of  Malaysia

The Federation of Malaya (Malay: Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; Jawi: ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو) was a federation of 11 states (nine Malay states and two of the British Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca) that existed from 1 February 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957, and in 1963 Malaysia was formed with the Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak Crown Colonies. The combination of states that formerly made up the Federation of Malaya is currently known as Peninsular Malaysia.

From 1946 to 1948, the 11 states formed a single British crown colony known as the Malayan Union. Due to opposition from Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states.

Within the Federation, while the Malay states were protectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore, despite its traditional connections with Malaya.

The Federation achieved independence within the Commonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957. In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories of Singapore, Sarawak, and North Borneo; a claim to the latter territory was maintained by the Philippines. Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9 August 1965.


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