Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
| Edmund of Langley | |
|---|---|
_(late_15th_C),_f.186r_-_BL_Royal_MS_14_E_IV.png)
Edmund of Langley before King Ferdinand I of Portugal, from Jean de Wavrin's Chronique d'Angleterre
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| Duke of York | |
| Successor | Edward of Norwich |
| Born |
5 June 1341 Kings Langley, Hertfordshire |
| Died | 1 August 1402 (aged 61) Kings Langley, Hertfordshire |
| Burial | Kings Langley, Hertfordshire |
| Spouse |
Isabella of Castile Joan Holland |
| Issue |
Edward, 2nd Duke of York Constance, Countess of Gloucester Richard, 3rd Earl of Cambridge |
| House |
Plantagenet (by birth) York (founder) |
| Father | Edward III of England |
| Mother | Philippa of Hainault |
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, KG (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was the fourth surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Like many medieval English princes, Edmund gained his nickname from his birthplace: Kings Langley Palace in Hertfordshire. He was the founder of the House of York, but it was through the marriage of his younger son, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, to Anne de Mortimer, great-granddaughter of Edmund's elder brother Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, that the House of York made its claim to the English throne in the Wars of the Roses. The other party in the Wars of the Roses, the incumbent House of Lancaster, was formed from descendants of Edmund's elder brother John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, Edward III's third son.
On the death of his godfather, the Earl of Surrey, Edmund was granted the earl's lands north of the Trent, primarily in Yorkshire. In 1359, he joined his father King Edward III on an unsuccessful military expedition to France and was made a knight of the Garter in 1361. In 1362, at the age of twenty-one, he was created Earl of Cambridge by his father.
Edmund took part in several military expeditions to France in the 1370s. In 1369, he brought a retinue of 400 men-at-arms and 400 archers to serve with John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, on campaigns in Brittany and Angouleme. The following year, he first joined Pembroke again on an expedition to relieve the fortress of Belle Perche and then accompanied his eldest brother Edward, the Black Prince, on a campaign that resulted in the siege and sack of Limoges. In 1375, he sailed with the Earl of March to relieve Brest, but after some initial success, a truce was declared.
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