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Dungan language

Dungan
Хуэйзў йүян Huejzw jyjan
Pronunciation [xwɛitsu jyjɑn]
Native to Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan
Region Fergana Valley, Chu Valley
Ethnicity Dungan people
Native speakers
 110,000 (2009 censuses)
Cyrillic, Latin, Pinyin, Xiao'erjing (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog dung1253
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Dungan language
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 東干語
Simplified Chinese 东干语
Dunganese name
Dungan Хуэйзў йүян
Xiao'erjing حُوِظُ يُوْيًا
Romanization Huejzw jyian
Hanzi 回族语言 (Huízú yǔyán)
Russian name
Russian Дунганский язык
Romanization Dunganskij jazyk
Kyrgyz name
Kyrgyz Дунган тили
دۇنعان تىلى
Dunğan tili

The Dungan language /ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/ is a Sinitic language spoken by the Dungan of Central Asia, an ethnic group related to the Hui people of China.

The Dungan people of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan (with smaller groups living in other post-Soviet states) are the descendants of several groups of the Hui people that migrated to the region in the 1870s and the 1880s after the defeat of the Dungan revolt in Northwestern China. The Hui of Northwestern China (often referred to as "Dungans" or "Tungani" by the 19th-century western writers as well as by members of Turkic nationalities in China and Central Asia) would normally speak the same Mandarin dialect as the Han people in the same area (or in the area from which the particular Hui community had been resettled from). At the same time, due to their unique history, their speech would be rich in Islamic or Islam-influenced terminology, based on loanwords from Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages, as well as translations of them into Chinese. The Hui traders in the bazaars would be able to use Arabic or Persian numbers when talking between themselves, to keep their communications secret from Han bystanders. While not constituting a separate language, these words, phrases and turns of speech, known as Huihui hua (回回话, "Hui speech"), served as markers of group identity. As early 20th century travellers in Northwestern China would note, "the Mohammedan Chinese have to some extent a vocabulary, and always a style and manner of speech, all their own".

As the Dungans in the Russian Empire, and even more so in the Soviet Union, were isolated from China, their language experienced significant influence from the Russian and the Turkic languages of their neighbors.


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