Diethyl ether
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
Ethoxyethane
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| Other names
Diethyl ether; Dether; Ethyl ether; Ethyl oxide; 3-Oxapentane; Ethoxyethane; Diethyl oxide; Solvent ether; Sulfuric ether
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| Identifiers | |
60-29-7 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:35702
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| ChEMBL |
ChEMBL16264
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| ChemSpider |
3168
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.425 |
| KEGG |
D01772
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| PubChem | 3283 |
| RTECS number | KI5775000 |
| UNII |
0F5N573A2Y
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| Properties | |
| C4H10O | |
| Molar mass | 74.12 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | pungent, sweetish odor |
| Density | 0.7134 g/cm3, liquid |
| Melting point | −116.3 °C (−177.3 °F; 156.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 34.6 °C (94.3 °F; 307.8 K) |
| 69 g/L (20 °C) | |
| Vapor pressure | 440 mmHg (20°C) |
| -55.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.353 (20 °C) |
| Viscosity | 0.224 cP (25 °C) |
| Structure | |
| 1.15 D (gas) | |
| Thermochemistry | |
| 172.5 J/mol·K | |
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Std molar
entropy (S |
253.5 J/mol·K |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-271.2 ± 1.9 kJ/mol |
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
-2732.1 ± 1.9 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| N01AA01 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Extremely Flammable, harmful to skin, decomposes to explosive peroxides in air and light |
| Safety data sheet |
See: data page External MSDS |
| R-phrases | R12 R19 R20/22 R66 R67 |
| S-phrases | S9 S16 S29 S33 |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K) |
| 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 1.9-48.0% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LC50 (median concentration)
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73,000 ppm (rat, 2 hr) 6500 ppm (mouse, 1.65 hr) |
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LCLo (lowest published)
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106,000 ppm (rabbit) 76,000 ppm (dog) |
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 400 ppm (1200 mg/m3) |
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REL (Recommended)
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No established REL |
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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1900 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
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Related Ethers
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Dimethyl ether Methoxypropane |
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Related compounds
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Diethyl sulfide Butanols (isomer) |
| Supplementary data page | |
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Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
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Thermodynamic
data |
Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
| UV, IR, NMR, MS | |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is  ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Diethyl ether or simply ether, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula (C
2H
5)
2O. It is a colorless, highly volatile flammable liquid. It is commonly used as a solvent in laboratories and as a starting fluid for some engines. It was formerly used as a general anesthetic, until non-flammable drugs were developed, such as halothane. It has been used as a recreational drug to cause intoxication.
The compound may have been created by either Jābir ibn Hayyān in the 8th century or Ramon Llull in 1275, although there is no contemporary evidence of this. It was first synthesized in 1540 by Valerius Cordus, who called it "sweet oil of vitriol" (oleum dulce vitrioli) — the name reflects the fact that it is obtained by distilling a mixture of ethanol and sulfuric acid (then known as oil of vitriol) — and noted some of its medicinal properties. At about the same time, Paracelsus discovered ether's analgesic properties in chickens. The name ether was given to the substance in 1729 by August Sigmund Frobenius.
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