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Cytosine

Cytosine
Cytosine chemical structure.png
Cytosine-3D-balls.png
Cytosine-3D-vdW.png
Names
IUPAC name
4-aminopyrimidin-2(1H)-one
Other names
4-amino-1H-pyrimidine-2-one
Identifiers
71-30-7 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:16040 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL15913 YesY
ChemSpider 577 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.681
KEGG C00380 YesY
MeSH Cytosine
PubChem 597
UNII 8J337D1HZY YesY
Properties
C4H5N3O
Molar mass 111.10 g/mol
Density 1.55 g/cm3 (calculated)
Melting point 320 to 325 °C (608 to 617 °F; 593 to 598 K) (decomposes)
Acidity (pKa) 4.45 (secondary), 12.2 (primary)
-55.8·10−6 cm3/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Cytosine (/ˈstəˌsn, -ˌzn, -ˌsɪn/;C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine. In Watson-Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.

Cytosine was discovered and named by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann in 1894 when it was hydrolyzed from calf thymus tissues. A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year.

In 1997 cytosine was used in an early demonstration quantum information processing when Oxford University researchers implemented the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm on a two qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer (NMRQC).


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