Claude Bernard
| Claude Bernard | |
|---|---|
Claude Bernard
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| Born |
July 12, 1813 Saint-Julien |
| Died | 10 February 1878 (aged 64) Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Fields | Physiology |
| Institutions | Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle |
| Alma mater | University of Paris |
| Known for | Physiology |
| Influences | François Magendie |
| Notable awards | Copley Medal (1876) |
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Claude Bernard (French: [bɛʁnaʁ]; 12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. Historian Ierome Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". Among many other accomplishments, he was one of the first to suggest the use of blind experiments to ensure the objectivity of scientific observations. He originated the term milieu intérieur, and the associated concept of homeostasis (the latter term being coined by Walter Bradford Cannon).
Bernard was born in 1813 in the village of Saint-Julien near Villefranche-sur-Saône. He received his early education in the Jesuit school of that town, and then proceeded to the college at Lyon, which, however, he soon left to become assistant in a druggist's shop. Despite having a religious education, Bernard was an agnostic. His leisure hours were devoted to the composition of a vaudeville comedy, and the success it achieved moved him to attempt a prose drama in five acts, Arthur de Bretagne.
In 1834, at the age of twenty-one, he went to Paris, armed with this play and an introduction to Saint-Marc Girardin, but the critic dissuaded him from adopting literature as a profession, and urged him rather to take up the study of medicine. This advice Bernard followed, and in due course he became interne at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. In this way he was brought into contact with the great physiologist, François Magendie, who served as physician at the hospital. Bernard became 'preparateur' (lab assistant) at the Collège de France in 1841.
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