Carlton J. H. Hayes
| Carlton J. H. Hayes | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
Carlton Joseph Huntley Hayes May 16, 1882 Afton, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 2, 1964 (aged 82) Sidney, New York, U.S. |
| Education | B.A./Ph.D. (both Columbia University) |
| Occupation | Historian, author, ambassador, professor, academic |
| Employer | Columbia University; United States Government |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Evelyn Carroll; (c. 1920–1964; his death; 2 children) |
Carlton Joseph Huntley Hayes (May 16, 1882 – September 2, 1964) was an American educator, diplomat, devout Catholic and academic. A student of European history, he was a leading and pioneering specialist on the study of nationalism. He was elected as president of the American Historical Association over the opposition of liberals and the more explicit Anti-Catholic bias that defined the academic community of his era. He served as United States Ambassador to Spain in World War II, but he came under attack from the CIO, communists and other forces on the left that rejected any dealings with the Spain of Francisco Franco. Historian Holly Cowan Shulman wrote:
Hayes, whom President Franklin Roosevelt appointed in March 1942, was a choice necessitated by Spanish politics. The Franco regime would not have tolerated either a non-Catholic or a liberal. Hayes was an active Catholic who believed that Franco's government should not be ideologically grouped with the Axis countries. Put more bluntly, Hayes believed that Francisco Franco was less repressive and totalitarian than either Adolf Hitler or Benito Mussolini, and that Franco could be converted into an American ally.
Hayes was born to a Baptist family in upstate New York, the son of Permelia Mary (née Huntley) and Philetus Arthur Hayes. He graduated from Columbia College in 1904. In 1903 he became an active member of his fraternity, Alpha Chi Rho, he remained an involved member over his lifetime. He earned his Ph.D degree at Columbia in 1909 with a thesis on the Germanic invasion of the Roman Empire. He became lecturer at Columbia in European History in 1907, then was promoted subsequently to assistant professor (1910), associate professor (1915), and full professor (1919).
In 1904 he converted to Catholicism, and later went on to be the first Roman Catholic co-chairman of the National Conference of Christians and Jews alongside Everett Clinchy and Roger Strauss, serving as co-chairman 1928 to 1946 despite a 1928 papal encyclical which explicitly prohibited such ecumenical interactions. He was chairman of Columbia's History department several times. After World War I, he joined with Peter Guilday in establishing the American Catholic Historical Association and became its first secretary. Its goal was to promote Catholic history and to integrate Catholic scholars into the wider academic world.
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