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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide
Structural formula of carbon dioxide with bond length
Ball-and-stick model of carbon dioxide
Space-filling model of carbon dioxide
Names
Other names
Carbonic acid gas
Carbonic anhydride
Carbonic oxide
Carbon oxide
Carbon(IV) oxide
Dry ice (solid phase)
Identifiers
124-38-9 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Interactive image
3DMet B01131
1900390
ChEBI CHEBI:16526 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1231871 N
ChemSpider 274 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.271
EC Number 204-696-9
E number E290 (preservatives)
989
KEGG D00004 YesY
MeSH Carbon+dioxide
RTECS number FF6400000
UNII 142M471B3J YesY
UN number 1013 (gas), 1845 (solid)
Properties
CO2
Molar mass 44.01 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density 1562 kg/m3(solid at 1 atm and −78.5 °C)
1101 kg/m3(liquid at saturation −37°C)
1.977 kg/m3(gas at 1 atm and 0 °C)
Melting point −56.6 °C; −69.8 °F; 216.6 K (Triple point at 5.1 atm)
−78.5 °C; −109.2 °F; 194.7 K (1 atm)
1.45 g/L at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa
Vapor pressure 5.73 MPa (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 6.35, 10.33
-20.5·10−6 cm3/mol
1.00045
Viscosity 0.07 cP at −78.5 °C
0 D
Structure
trigonal
linear
Thermochemistry
37.135 J/K mol
214 J·mol−1·K−1
−393.5 kJ·mol−1
Pharmacology
V03AN02 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
Sigma-Aldrich
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
90,000 ppm (human, 5 min)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
TWA 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m3) ST 30,000 ppm (54,000 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
40,000 ppm
Related compounds
Other anions
Carbon disulfide
Carbon diselenide
Carbon ditelluride
Other cations
Silicon dioxide
Germanium dioxide
Tin dioxide
Lead dioxide
Related carbon oxides
Carbon monoxide
Carbon suboxide
Dicarbon monoxide
Carbon trioxide
Related compounds
Carbonic acid
Carbonyl sulfide
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constantr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a colorless and odorless gas that is vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is made up of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide exists in Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is soluble in water, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, in ice caps and glaciers and also in seawater. It is present in deposits of petroleum and natural gas.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the primary source of carbon in life on Earth and its concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late in the Precambrian was regulated by photosynthetic organisms and geological phenomena. As part of the carbon cycle, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use light energy to photosynthesize carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen produced as a waste product.


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