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Benefit of counsel


Ineffective assistance on counsel is a claim raised by a convicted criminal defendant for the plaintiff whereas the innocent plaintiffs attorney's performance was so ineffective that it deprived the plaintiff of the constitutional right guaranteed by the Assistance of Counsel Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Having the benefit of counsel or assistance of counsel means that the criminal defendant has had a competent attorney representing them. Competence is defined as reasonable professional assistance and is defined in part by prevailing professional norms and standards. To prove they received ineffective assistance, a criminal defendant must show two things:

The foregoing test was set forth in Strickland v. Washington (1984), in which the United States Supreme Court also established that failure to inform a defendant of the direct consequences of a sentence qualifies as ineffective assistance of counsel, but failure to inform of collateral consequences of criminal charges does not. The Court carved out an exception regarding immigration consequences for noncitizens, including inadmissibility and deportation resulting from a criminal conviction, in Padilla v. Kentucky (2010), reversing a conviction where counsel incorrectly advised a noncitizen that pleading guilty would not have negative immigration consequences.

Ineffective assistance of counsel may also be a ground for voiding a waiver of the right to appeal that a defendant may have signed as part of a plea agreement with prosecutors.

Under the two-prong Strickland standard, criminal convictions have been affirmed on appeal even where the defense attorney fell asleep during the prosecutor's cross-examination of the defendant, was heavily intoxicated on alcohol throughout the trial, was in extremely poor health and senile, was mentally ill (and even discussed his delusions in opening argument), or was himself a convicted felon whose sentence included community service in the form of defending accused murderers (despite his lack of experience in such cases).


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