Anne Hyde

Anne
Duchess of York and Albany
c. 1665 portrait by Sir Peter Lely. "Anne's teasing playing of her hair is deliberately suggestive of a royal consort's prime role – breeding – but also a reminder of her great wit."
Born	(1637-03-12)12 March 1637 Windsor, England
Died	31 March 1671(1671-03-31) (aged 34) London, England
Burial	Westminster Abbey
Spouse	James, Duke of York and of Albany
Issue more...	Charles, Duke of Cambridge Mary II James, Duke of Cambridge Anne Charles, Duke of Kendal Edgar, Duke of Cambridge Henrietta Catherine
Father	Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
Mother	Frances Aylesbury
Religion	Roman Catholic prev. Anglican

Anne Hyde (12 March 1637 – 31 March 1671) was Duchess of York and of Albany as the first wife of the future King James II of England. Originally an Anglican, she converted to Catholicism soon after her marriage to James. This took place in 1660 after she became pregnant by him, but he is said to have promised to marry her the year before. The two first met in the Netherlands while Anne was living in the household of James' sister Mary. James and Anne had eight children, but six died in early childhood. The two who survived to adulthood were Lady Mary, who succeeded her father after his deposition during the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and Lady Anne, who succeeded her brother-in-law and became the first monarch of Great Britain.

Born the daughter of a commoner – Edward Hyde (later created Earl of Clarendon) — Anne is best known for her marriage to James, which caused much gossip. Two months after the marriage, Anne gave birth to the couple's first child, who had obviously been conceived out of wedlock. Until near the end of Anne's life, some observers disapproved of James' decision to marry Anne, but not King Charles II, James' brother, who wanted the marriage to take place. Another cause of disapproval was the public affection James showed toward Anne, such as kissing and leaning against each other, which was considered improper behaviour from man to wife during the seventeenth century.

James was a known philanderer who kept many mistresses, for which Anne often reproached him, once even complaining to the king, who sent one of James' mistresses to the countryside, where she remained until her death. Nonetheless, James fathered many illegitimate children. Years after Anne had herself converted, James avowed his Catholicism, which was a contributing factor to the Glorious Revolution. This was through Anne’s influence; she had been exposed to Catholicism during visits to the Netherlands and France and was strongly attracted thereto. She suffered from advanced breast cancer and died shortly after giving birth to her last child.