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Almohad

Almohad Caliphate
الموَحدون (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn) (Arabic)
ⵉⵎⵡⴻⵃⵃⴷⴻⵏ (Imweḥḥden) (Berber)
Ruling dynasty of Morocco, Ifriqiya, Central Maghreb and Al-Andalus ;
Caliphate (since 1147)
1121–1269


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The Almohad empire at its greatest extent, c. 1180–1212.
Capital Tinmel
(1121–1147)
Marrakesh
(1147–1269)
In Al-Andalus:
Seville
(1147–1162)
Córdoba
(1162–1163)
Seville
(1163–1248)
Languages Arabic, Berber, Mozarabic
Religion Sunni Islam (Creed: Ash'ari; Madhab: Zahiri)
Government Caliphate
Caliph
 •  1121–1130 Ibn Tumart (first)(under title of "Mahdi")
 •  1130–1163 Abd al-Mu'min (first)(under title of "Caliph" from 1147)
 •  1266–1269 Abu al-Ula al-Wathiq Idris (last)
History
 •  Established 1121
 •  Almoravids overthrown 1147
 •  Marinid suzerainty 1248
 •  Disestablished 1269
Area 1,621,393.5 km² (626,024 sq mi)
Currency Dinar
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Almoravid dynasty
Hammadid kingdom
Second Taifas period
Kingdom of Africa
Taifas in the Al-Andalus
Marinid dynasty
Hafsid dynasty
Kingdom of Tlemcen
Third Taifas period
Kingdom of Castile
Kingdom of Aragon
Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of Leon
Emirate of Granada
Today part of  Morocco
 Algeria
 Gibraltar
 Libya
 Portugal
 Spain
 Tunisia
 Western Sahara


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The Almohad Caliphate (British English /almə(ʊ)ˈhɑːd/, U.S. English /ɑlməˈhɑd/; Berber: ⵉⵎⵡⴻⵃⵃⴷⴻⵏ (Imweḥḥden), from Arabic الموحدون (al-Muwaḥḥidūn), "the monotheists" or "the unifiers") was a MoroccanBerber Muslim movement founded in the 12th century.

The Almohad movement was started by Ibn Tumart among the Masmuda tribes of southern Morocco. The Almohads first established a Berber state in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains in roughly 1120. They succeeded in overthrowing the ruling Almoravids in governing Morocco by 1147, when Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi (r. 1130–1163) conquered Marrakech and declared himself Caliph. They then extended their power over all of the Maghreb by 1159. Al-Andalus followed the fate of North Africa and all Islamic Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172.

The Almohad dominance of Iberia continued until 1212, when Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena by an alliance of the Christian princes of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal. Nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia were lost soon after, with the great Moorish cities of Cordova and Seville falling to the Christians in 1236 and 1248 respectively.


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