A Portuguesa
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Music sheet and lyrics (1957)
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National anthem of  Portugal
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| Lyrics | Henrique Lopes de Mendonça, 1890 |
| Music | Alfredo Keil, 1890 |
| Adopted | 5 October 1910 (de facto) 19 July 1911 (de jure) |
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"A Portuguesa" ("The Portuguese (Song)"), Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ], is the national anthem of Portugal. It was composed by Alfredo Keil and written by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça during the resurgent nationalist movement ignited by the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal concerning its African colonies. Used as the marching song of the failed republican rebellion of January 1891, in Porto, it was adopted as the national anthem of the newborn Portuguese Republic in 1911, replacing "O Hino da Carta" (The Charter Anthem), the anthem of the deposed constitutional monarchy.
On 11 January 1890, the United Kingdom issued an ultimatum demanding that Portugal refrain from occupying land lying between the Portuguese colonies of Angola, on the west coast of Africa, and Mozambique, on the east coast, thereby forming one contiguous polity (as proposed on the Pink Map). Despite a popular uproar, the Portuguese government was forced to accept the U.K.'s demands. This contributed to the unpopularity of King Carlos I and the monarchy, and it garnered support for the increasingly popular republican movement in Portugal.
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